Should I be using --base-model when training my model?

Could you share the exact commands that you tried running? That might help me reproduce the error that you're seeing. Also, just to confirm, are you running recent versions of Prodigy/spaCy/Python?

In general, you can switch the base model, which is the starting point for the training procedure, and this could result in better/worse-performing models. In particular, the en_core_web_trf typically yields good accuracy, but it does come at the cost of speed. This pipeline contains a transformer model which is typically slower to train and much slower to run in production, typically on the order of 10x. You can read more about the speed details here.