Take a glance at the documentation of audio.transcribe recipe details.
Yep - your video could have the path/URL to your individual files (i.e., correspond to each row in your original .csv that is a unique audio cut based on start and end times).
Then, you can add to your command the field-id where you can put the field name of your text text. Alternatively, the default is transcript so if you change the field name to transcript, by default, it would read that field without needing to be explicit.
Hopefully now you have everything you need to get started!